Genealogy has been among the sciences taken into consideration by Muslims and created to avoid making mistakes in recognizing the people’s lineage. In order to recognize the lineage of people and its legal consequences, recognition of lineage became important. Abbasids who came out based on ancestral reputation regarded genealogy important especially genealogy of the family of prophet (Bani Hashem). In this regard, they established the structure of a leadership in the 3rd century AH to preserve the Bani Hashem’s rights to settle the affairs of Sadats of Hashemi. Automatically, this issue led to the vital and basic need to expert genealogists and a ground for development of genealogy. The heyday of this science could be seek during Seljuk era i.e. a period in which Talebiyan (a branch of Bani Hashem) had a better social position and genealogy of Talebiyan received attention. Adopting an analytico-descriptive approach in this study and after explaining the position of Talebian in Seljuk era and genealogy works, the relation of genealogy with Talebiyan’s social life was analyzed and the effect of this science on development of the extent of their social influence has been discussed.