The paper is an attempt to investigate the role and position of Islamic period archaeology in recognition of Islamic culture and civilization. For this purpose, initially, it has been dealt with definition and origin of Islamic archaeology. Subsequently, by analysis of two periods of cultural indices in Islamic history of Iran (Alebouyeh and Safavid era), the factors of development and prosperity of social life and also downturn factors in other historical periods were studied. Finally, the interaction methods of this field with the field of humanities and its affective process on qualitative and quantitative promotion of humanities subjects have been discussed. The authors believe that emphasizing on the epistemological aspects of Islam religion and Shi`a along with strengthening national and regional spirit of solidarity and also noticing the common heritage, Islamic period archaeology can play a significant role in revival of Islamic culture and civilization of Iran.