One of the divisions in the administrative institutions of Muslim governments was Hisba division which played an important role in establishing the social security of the cities, protecting the public morality, maintaining safety of the work environment as well as observing the religious affairs in the society. This division appeared due to the necessity of implementing the obligation of promotion of good and prevention of evil in the society. It was dependent on the justice institutions. However, the scope of its duties encompassed economic, social and public security of the Islamic society. In this article, the various functions of Hisba as well as its role in establishing social security and preserving the values and religious norms in the community were investigated. The results indicated that the outcome of the functions of this institution in the field of monitoring the implementation of religious issues and maintaining ethics in the community as well as maintaining order and safety in the economic affairs and monitoring the performance of the traders and merchants, in the economic field, had led to the establishment of social security in the cities.